Bubble Shooter Butterfly is a bubble-popping game that tasks the player with releasing butterflies from bubbles with a ring shooter. The bubbles and butterflies appear in various patterns in front of an outdoor scene reminiscent of Japanese anime that features a mountain in the distance with a stream, a forest, and a wooden bridge in the foreground. Each level features increasingly difficult challenges and special boosters that help the player win.
The player receives a laser with a circular tip to use with the shooter to target two or more connected bubbles that match the main projectile. If the player can't find a match, they can select the shooter to swap the main and secondary projectiles to try a different color. To pop the bubbles, they shoot the projectile at the group. If a popped bubble contains a butterfly, the game releases it.
Bubble Shooter Butterfly provides the player with a limited number of projectiles. The player can track the number of remaining projectiles at any time inside the shooter's ring. They also don't need the standard projectiles alone to win. The game supplies boosters, including a Floral Beam booster that acts like a rocket that takes out a strip of bubbles and a Sparkle booster that pops bubbles throughout an area. It also provides fireflies trapped in bubbles. When the player releases one, the firefly randomly pops bubbles.
Beyond the points the player earns from their shots and the number of projectiles remaining at the end of a level, they also win up to three gold stars and treasure chests.