Bubble Boom is a bubble-popping game. From level to level, the player bursts chains of bubbles to meet a collection goal on a horizontal bar in the bottom-center area of the screen. They also attempt to earn the highest possible scores.
On each level, a pattern of mixed-colored bubbles slides rapidly down a dark conveyor-style backdrop. The player loses if any bubble in the pattern reaches a horizontal line above the shooter.
The player can only burst chains of three or more color-matched bubbles with projectiles. The game supplies them with a two-projectile ring shooter that features a swap option that allows them to more rapidly create chains. It also provides a dotted aiming line that helps them more easily make angled shots off walls and through narrow gaps in a pattern.
Bubble Boom's obstacles include clouds and rainbow-colored shells that cover bubbles. The player can clear away some obstacles by forming nearby chains. They can also access helpful tools, such as pattern weapons like wrapped sticks of dynamite that explode when hit with a projectile and black bomb projectiles that charge with successful hits. Over time, they also receive access to two booster abilities.
The game displays the player's score in the upper-left area. It also rewards the player with hidden treasures inside of chests that appear after they win a specific number of levels.